Issue 5, April 2010
In this issue... Microbiology
Science Illustration
Physiology
Genetics
Orthopaedics
Neurobiology
Ophthalmology
 
   
   

Microbiology @ Penn Medicine

“Good” Bacteria Keep Immune System Primed

Altering the intricate dynamic between resident and foreign bacteria – via antibiotics, for example – compromises an animal’s immune response.

» Article on Saga.com
» Article on HealthNewsDigest.com
» Article on Futurity.org

The research of Jeffrey Weiser, MD, professor of Microbiology and Pediatrics, and Thomas Clarke, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in the Weiser lab, is featured. 

Source: Nature Medicine

Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, red) under attack by a neutrophil (blue).

Science Illustration @ Penn Medicine

Visualizing Nature

“Branching Morphogenesis” is at Ars Electronica, a museum of digital and media arts, in Linz, Austria.
 A 15-foot-wide, walk-through model of forces acting on developing lung cells is a winner in this year's International Science & Engineering Visualization Challenge.

» Article in Science
» Photo Gallery in Popular Science
» Article in Philadelphia Inquirer
» Article in Daily Pennsylvanian

Co-Directors of LabStudio, Peter Lloyd Jones, PhD, associate professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Jenny E. Sabin, MArch, lecturer in Architecture, School of Design, led the winning team.

Source: American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Science Foundation

Physiology @ Penn Medicine

Antioxidant in Vegetables Has Implications for Treating Cystic Fibrosis

Thiocyanate reduces damage by inflammatory molecules in lung, nerve, pancreas, and vessel-lining cells.

» Article from UPI

The research of Zhe Lu, MD, PhD, professor of Physiology; and Yanping Xu, MD, PhD, senior research investigator, and Szilvia Szép, PhD, postdoctoral researcher, both of the Department of Physiology, was featured.

Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Genetics @ Penn Medicine

Autism in Top Ten

A Manhattan plot showing the 2log10(P values) of SNPs from the combined association analysis of the AGRE and ACC cohorts.

Research identifying multiple genetic variants linked to autism spectrum disorders was named one of TIME magazine’s Top 10 Medical Breakthroughs

» Article from Time

The research of Gerard Schellenberg, PhD, professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Maja Bucan, PhD, professor of Genetics, is highlighted

Source: Nature

Orthopaedics @ Penn Medicine

First Clear Idea of How Rare Bone Disease Progresses

A mutation causing “leaky” protein production leads to extra bone growth in rare genetic disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive.

» Article in Orthopaedics This Week
» Article from Scientific American

The research of Eileen Shore, PhD, professor of Genetics and Orthopaedics; Mary Mullins, PhD, professor of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Frederick Kaplan, MD, the Nassau Professor of Orthopaedic Molecular Medicine, was featured.

Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation

While normal human ACVR1 can rescue the altered developmental pattern of a zebrafish embryo lacking the zebrafish ACVR1 gene, the mutated FOP version of ACVR1 over-compensates for the lack of the zebrafish gene and causes excess formation of tail (ventral) structures at the expense of head (dorsal) structures.

Ophthalmology @ Penn Medicine

Second Dose of Gene Therapy Safe in Animal Studies

Canine retina two years post injection.  Retinal photograph taken more than two years after subretinal injection of AAV2-hRPE65v2 in the second eye of a dog model of Leber's congenital amaurosis due to RPE65 mutations. The AAV-exposed portion of the retina, with the overlying inner retinal blood vessels, appears yellow due to reflective changes in the underlying tapetum.

A second injection of genes into the opposite, previously untreated eye is safe and effective, giving patients with rare blinding disease continued hope.

» Segment on Voice of America

The research of Jean Bennett, MD, PhD, F.M. Kirby professor of Ophthalmology is featured.

Source: Science Translational Medicine

Neurobiology @ Penn Medicine

Bundle of Nerves

Lab-grown nerve bundles physically bridge previously irreparable injuries in animal models.

» Article in Technology Review

The research of Douglas Smith, MD, professor of Neurosurgery and director of the Center for Brain Injury and Repair, is featured.

Source: Tissue Engineering

Image of axon stretching that resembles two jellyfish

Three Brain Diseases Linked by Same Toxic Protein

Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease are linked by a toxic form of Elk-1. 

» Article from UPI
» Article in the Daily Pennsylvanian

The research of James Eberwine, PhD, co-director of the Penn Genome Frontiers Institute and the Elmer Holmes Bobst Professor of Pharmacology; Anup Sharma, an MD-PhD student in the Eberwine lab, and Jai-Yoon Sul, PhD, assistant professor of Pharmacology, is featured.

Source: PLoS One

The toxic form of Elk-1 is present in plaque found in brain tissue from an Alzheimer disease patient (red asterisk).

Genetics of Common Form of Early-Onset Dementia

Using a genome-wide scan for genetic variation, researchers pinpointed variations common to patients with a specific subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

» Article on AlzForum.org

The research of Vivianna Van Deerlin, MD, PhD, associate professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Virginia Lee, PhD, director of the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research; John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, director of the Institute of Aging; Maria Martinez-Lage, MD, postdoctoral fellow in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; and Alice Chen-Plotkin, MD, Instructor in the Department of Neurology, is featured.

Source: Nature Genetics

The identification of misfolded TDP-43 proteins in neurons of brain tissue (brown structures indicated by arrows) was a criterion for entry into the genome-wide study.  The homogeneity of the pathologically defined cohort is felt to be a major reason for the study's success.