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Benchmarks - Biomedical Research Highlights of Penn Medicine
Issue 2, March 2009
Editors' Note

Welcome to the second issue of Benchmarks, the e-newsletter bringing you news highlights about basic science research at Penn Medicine. This issue includes basic research in stem cells, genetics, and immunology. We hope that you will enjoy these periodic updates, and we value your feedback as we strive to improve these communications. Enjoy!

If you would like to receive future issues and are not yet a member of our subscriber list, visit www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/benchmarks to sign up. 

Muscle Biology @ Penn Medicine
Cure for Muscular Dystrophy an RNA Splice Away?

Researchers are looking at utrophin, a protein that could be stimulated in muscular dystrophy patients to take the place of their damaged dystrophin.

>>Article in the Philadelphia CityPaper

Tejvir Khurana, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Physiology, Catherine Moorwood, PhD, and Gabriel Willmann, PhD, are featured.

Expression of utrophin (green) at the synapse of normal skeletal muscles and nerves (red).


Stem Cell Discoveries @ Penn Medicine

Hairy Mice Show the Way to Hair Follicle Regeneration

Growth of regenerated hair follicles.

Hair-loss researchers could one day harness stem cells to create hair follicles.

>>Article in Parade magazine's HealthyStyle
>>Article in the Philadelphia CityPaper
>>Article in Best Life magazine
>>Article in Penn Medicine magazine (PDF)

The stories focus on the work of George Cotsarelis, MD, Associate Professor of Dermatology.

Esophagus Stem Cells Grow into Implantable Tissue
Injected stem cells (red) have migrated and further differentiated along the lining of the esophagus.

Researchers have discovered stem cells in the esophagus of mice that were able to grow into tissue-like structures.  

>>Commentary in The Niche, the stem cell blog at Nature.com

The research of Anil K. Rustgi, MD, Chief of Gastroenterology, is featured.

Molecular Origin of Stem Cells Uncovered
Expression of Runx1 (blue cells) signals the production of blood stem cells along the interior walls of embryonic blood vessels.

Researchers have identified the origin of bone marrow stem cells in a mouse embryo.

>>Article from UPI News Service

The story describes research by Nancy Speck, PhD, Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology.


Genetics & Genetic Disorders @ Penn Medicine
Cracking the Code of 'Junk' DNA

The lifelong work of a Penn geneticist studying transposable elements, self-replicating genetic sequences that comprise a significant proportion of so-called 'junk' DNA, was recently recognized with the honor of the American Society of Human Genetics Allan Award.

>>Article in the Philadelphia Inquirer

Haig H. Kazazian, Jr., MD, Seymour Gray Professor of Molecular Medicine in Genetics, is profiled.

Cell culture activity assay.

Gene Therapy to Cure Blindness

A husband-and-wife team develop an experimental genetic treatment for an inherited form of blindness.

>>Article in Smithsonian
>>Article in the Boston Globe

Jean Bennett, MD, PhD, Professor of Ophthalmology and Senior Investigator at the F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology at the Scheie Eye Institute, and Albert M. Maguire, MD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, are profiled.

Eye of an LCA patient, and a normal eye.

Seeking Cures for 'Second Skeleton' Genetic Disorder

Research on the rare bone disease FOP is described through the life of eight-year-old patient, Justin Henke, of Middletown, Delaware.

>>Audio and article from NPR’s Weekend America
>>Article in The Scientist
>>Article from UPI News Service

Frederick Kaplan, MD, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Eileen M. Shore, PhD, Genetics & Orthopaedics, are featured.

Extra-skeletal bone formation in a 3D reconstructed computed tomography scan of a 12-year-old child with FOP.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism @ Penn Medicine
Discovering Molecular Connections
 Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of mouse adipose tissue. Image courtesy of Mitchell Lazar and Shannon Mullican

Investigators discovered a key molecular partnership that coordinates body rhythms and metabolism.

>>Article in the Philadelphia Inquirer
>>Article from UPI News Service

Mitch Lazar, MD, PhD, director of the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, is featured.


Immunology @ Penn Medicine
Engineered Killer T-Cell Recognizes HIV's Molecular Disguises

Engineered T cells can recognize HIV-1 strains that have evaded the immune system and offer hope for patients with chronic infection who fail to respond to antiretroviral regimens.

>>Article in New Scientist
>>Article from BBC News
>>Article from Reuters
>>Article in POZ

James Riley, PhD, Research Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Angel Varela-Rohena, PhD, and Carl June, MD, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine are featured.
Killer T cells given a new version of the natural T cell receptor (TCR) are able to recognize a key HIV molecular fingerprint on the surface of infected cells. Image by Adaptimmune Ltd, UK.
Update: New AIDS Approach Disrupts Patient's DNA

Penn will start human testing of a new approach to treat HIV, based on the ability to make a patient's T-cells permanently resistant to infection by CCR5-specific strains of HIV.

>>Article from Reuters news service
>>Article in WIRED Science

Carl June, MD, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine is featured.

Cells activated by a bead culture. Image courtesy of Carl June.

Immune Cells Shrink Tumors in Mice

Scientists found that certain tumors in mice have shrunk or disappeared after the animals were injected with genetically engineered immune system cells that target a protein found in certain human cancers.

>>Article in U.S.News & World Report

Carl June, MD, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine is featured.

Generation of Killer T-Cells. Image courtesy of Carl June.

Neuroscience @ Penn Medicine
Why Sleep is Needed to Form Memories
Optical polar maps show the world as the brain sees it.

Researchers have shown for the first time how cellular changes in the sleeping brain promote the formation of memories.

>>Article from UPI News Service

Marcos Frank, PhD, Assistant Professor of Neuroscience is featured.

Thought-Controlled Artificial Limbs

Stretch-grown axons

A biological interface could link a patient's nervous system to an artificial limb one day.

>>Slideshow from MSN.com

The slideshow features research of Douglas H. Smith, MD, director of the Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair.

Parkinson's Disease and Manganese Poisoning
Yeast cells expressing ypk9 fused to the green fluorescent protein.

Researchers determined that the PARK9 protein can protect cells from manganese poisoning, which is an environmental risk factor for a Parkinson’s disease-like syndrome.

>>Article from UPI News Service

Research by Aaron D. Gitler, PhD, Assistant Professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, is the focus of the story.

Benchmarks is a periodic e-newsletter highlighting basic science research at Penn Medicine that has been featured in the news. We value your feedback as we strive to improve these communications.

About the header graphic: by Peggy Myung, MD, PhD, Cotsarelis Lab, using the Cell Biology Microscopy Core.

Published and distributed by the Penn Medicine Department of Communications:
Editorial Staff
Karen Kreeger, Senior Science Communications Manager
Rachel Ewing, New Media Specialist

Administration
Susan E. Phillips, Senior Vice President for Public Affairs
Marc S. Kaplan, Director of Communications

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